Lesetja Kganyago, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank delivered the Keynote Address the  third MISTRA Forum on Africa & Geopolitics: Imagining the World in 2040 on Monday, 28 September 2026.

 On 26 August, just over a month ago, Nepal was hit by a horrific natural disaster, something between a flash flood and an avalanche. It seems to have come from a collapsed glacier. Huge amounts of water, rock, ice and debris travelled over 70 kilometers, killing thousands of people. Many of you have probably seen pictures and videos of this catastrophe. Perhaps the worst showed a huge wave crashing through the China-Nepal border, much bigger than the buildings ahead of it, moving so fast that no one in front could escape.

If you are looking for a metaphor of the global situation, this might be it. 

Download the speech below.