South Africa has to restructure its economy to achieve sustained and inclusive economic growth; and address its persistent high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequality that disproportionately affect Africans, women, young people and people with disabilities. The Evolution of the Structure of the South African Economy researches the structure of the South African economy through a heterodox political economy analysis of how post-apartheid evolution, in particular, has affected: the market structure in terms of balances among sectors; impact on employment creation; the crisis of social reproduction; Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs); the development and/or modernisation approaches and investments in infrastructure and technology development; as well as research and innovation. From this, the PRP examines the emerging and possible structural change pathways and their broad implications.