Thucydides Trap or Orderly Multipolar World?
Challenges and Opportunities for Africa
Published July 2025
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This conference was convened to consider how the continent should position itself in a sharply shifting world. It was prompted by the following two provocations.
It explored the question of whether geopolitics is currently headed towards a “Thucydides Trap” – a great conflagration between an established power and a rising one, as in the case of Athens and Sparta during Thucydides’ time – or whether it might settle into a new multipolar order.
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