MISTRA was commissioned by PEU Utilities Africa to bring a deeper understanding, backed by research capacity, on PPPs, particularly their ability to meet the development needs of the country. The report provides a brief comparative analysis of the mechanism of PPPs in South Africa to create an understanding of the PPPs as a mechanism for the delivery of services, to assess the performance of TUMS, against two PPP case studies: Gauteng e-Tolls and the Gautrain and to assess whether something beyond PPPs can be imagined – using the TUMS case study as an assessment tool.