The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) South Africa commissioned MISTRA to develop scenarios around the key question:  How do we build a just transition toward a socially inclusive economy by 2063? The scenarios were undertaken to take forward the outcomes of MISTRA’s research project on the Green Economy – Earth, Wind and Fire: unpacking the political, economic and security implications of discourse on the Green Economy. The aim was to look at how South Africa can have an all-encompassing approach to managing the transition to an economy characterised by low carbon emissions. The goal of this project was to identify a range of policy instruments that can drive environmental innovation on both the supply and demand side.